This PhD research explores the factors influencing language diversity, focusing on how cultural, environmental, and anatomical factors shape language. I employ statistical analysis and a natural experiment involving the Himba population to explore how UV incidence might impact the perception of blue colors and, consequently, language lexicons. Futhermore, I explore how inter-individual differences impact language evolution using various methods, such as laboratory experiments and agent-based modeling. My research emphasizes the importance of accounting for potential variations in perception when comprehending the development of color lexicons and underscores the essential role of inter-individual variation in understanding language evolution.