Calendrier

• R. Fargier (Institute of Language, Communication and the Brain & Aix-Marseille University, Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Aix-en-Provence)

Language allows us to share our experiences, thoughts or knowledge with one another, for instance through speaking. At the basis of this ability are mental representations of objects, actions, people and more abstract entities. Speaking thus requires to transform these mental representations into articulated speech sounds through the selection of words. In this talk I will use data obtained in picture naming experiments to argue that a paradigmatic shift from referential (picture) to inferential (definition) naming is required to gain insight into what kind of semantic information is retrieved during speech planning. I will also illustrate that, in contrast to what was initially thought in language production, lexical-semantic encoding undergo quantitative and qualitative changes across the lifespan. Both lines of research converge to the need for a closer investigation of lexical-semantic processes underlying language production (e.g. the dynamics of planning abstract words) and explore to what extent development and aging constrain how we represent and retrieve semantic knowledge.

9h-9h30 : Accueil 9h30-10h Les programmes indirects d’intervention langagière : l’exemple du programme Parler Bambin. Sophie Kern 10h-10h30 Les programmes d'intervention familiale en orthophonie Agnès Bo 10h30-11h Développement de l’oralité verbale et de l’oralité alimentaire Leslie Lemarchand et Mélanie Canault 11h-11h30 La surdité de l'enfant, états des lieux des pratiques orthophoniques et questionnements Solveig Chapuis 11h30-12h L’acquisition du langage en situation de Bilinguisme Daniela Valente & Laetitia De Almeida Déjeuner (Pris en charge par le Labex ASLAN) 13h30-14h Rythmes du cerveau et perception de la parole : le cas du développement typique et atypique Véronique Boulenger 14h-14h30 L’utilisation de l’harmonica chez des patients Parkinson Claire Gentil 14h30-15h Maladie d’Alzheimer et ordre de désacquisition des mots Frédérique Gayraud 15h-16h Temps d’échange

Notre recherche vise à étudier le développement phonologique et phonétique d’enfants bilingues préscolaires exposés à l’une des combinaisons linguistiques suivantes : français-italien, français-arabe et français-mandarin. Notre objectif est d’évaluer l’évolution des habiletés de production des enfants en français, langue commune à tous nos participants, dans une approche translinguistique et écologique. Nous sommes particulièrement intéressés par l’impact que pourraient avoir la combinaison de langues et la dominance linguistique sur l’acquisition de structures (supra-)segmentales et les potentielles influences inter-linguistiques1,2 pouvant résulter en des phénomènes intéressants à observer dans les productions en français. Notre protocole expérimental implique différents outils afin de recueillir longitudinalement des données complémentaires auprès de 18 enfants bilingues initialement âgés entre 21 et 35 mois : (1) des données auto-rapportées obtenues via des questionnaires parentaux afin de caractériser le profil linguistique et d’évaluer le développement lexical et morphosyntaxique3,4,5 ainsi que l’intelligibilité de la parole6 dans les deux langues des enfants et (2), des productions orales en français récoltées via une tâche de dénomination originale dont les items ont été sélectionnés sur bases de critères spécifiques et organisés dans une ordre de présentation particulier, par âge d’acquisition croissant et complexité phonologique progressive. Les productions orales font l’objet d’une transcription phonétique permettant d’isoler des phénomènes particuliers, tels que les processus phonologiques simplificateurs (PPS), et sont également soumises à des analyses acoustiques actuellement centrées sur les voyelles et le degré d’organisation7 du système vocalique des enfants. Nous présenterons le protocole expérimental ainsi que les résultats préliminaires de ces analyses qualitatives et acoustiques sur base de deux recueils de production de parole. Références 1Hossein Keshavarz, M., & Ingram, D. (2002). The early phonological development of a Farsi-English bilingual child. International journal of bilingualism, 6(3), 255-269. 2Fabiano-Smith, L., & Goldstein, B. A. (2010). Phonological acquisition in bilingual Spanish–English speaking children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53(1), 160-178. 3Kern S., & Gayraud F. (2010). L’inventaire français du développement communicatif. Grenoble: La Cigale. 4Caselli M. C., Casadio P. (1995). Il primo vocabolario del bambino: guida all'uso del questionario MacArthur per la valutazione della comunicazione e del linguaggio nei primi anni di vita. Milan : FrancoAngeli. 5Tardif T., Fletcher P., Zhang Z. X., Liang W. L. (2008). Chinese communicative development inventories: User’s guide and manual. Peking University Medical Press. 6McLeod, S., Harrison, L. J., & McCormack, J. (2012). The intelligibility in context scale: Validity and reliability of a subjective rating measure. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 55(2), 648-656. 7Huet K., & Harmegnies B. (2000). Contribution à la quantitication du degré d’organisation des systèmes vocaliques. Journées d’Etudes sur la Parole, 225–228.

The Bora from the northwest Amazon transmit messages across long distances by emulating tonal and rhythmic patterns of spoken Bora in sequences of drumbeats. But the two phonological tones represented in drummed Bora encode only few lexical contrasts. Therefore, rhythmic patterns play a crucial role: Four rhythmic units are encoded in the length of pauses between beats, which correspond to vowel-to-vowel intervals with different numbers of consonants and vowel lengths. To avoid remaining ambiguities (tonally and rhythmically identical ‘drum homophones’), Bora drummed messages are constructed following fairly strict schemes and various rhythmically distinct markers are applied to distinguish words. Bora drummed speech provides novel evidence for the role of rhythmic structures in the complex puzzle concerning the redundancy and distinctiveness of acoustic features embedded in speech.

The encoding of dynamic deixis in descriptive and dialogical motion expressions in Standard Chinese and Beijing Mandarin: A preliminary analysis

Jin-Ke SONG (DDL)

The deictic motion morphemes, verbs lái/qù and particles lai/qu, play an important role in the linguistic encoding of dynamic deixis. Previous studies (Chao 1968, Lù 1985, 1989/1993, Lamarre 2008, Zhang 2010, Zhu 1982/1999) have examined the usage and distribution of these deictic morphemes in different constructions. Research conducted by these scholars consisted of different types of corpora, including both spoken data (e.g., crosstalk, interviews, TV series) and written data (e.g., plays, short stories). However, there are relatively few studies that compare data belonging to distinct discourse modalities (e.g., description vs. dialogue). By comparing stimuli-based and TV series-based data in Standard Chinese and in Beijing Mandarin, this paper aims to examine (1) the proportion (presence vs. absence) of the encoding of dynamic deixis; and (2) the usage and distribution of deictic morphemes in their different functions, mainly deictic verbs and deictic particles (including satellites/directional complements and purposive particles) in the two data sets. By doing so, the aim is to investigate different morphosyntactic strategies used in the descriptive and dialogical data and to provide an initial hypothesis of the factors conditioning both the usage and the distributions of dynamic deixis in relation with the two discourse modalities.

To conduct the analysis, the study is based on the corpus composed of (1) motion events descriptions elicited with two visual stimuli, namely, “Trajectoire” (2004) (714 clauses) and “Put & Take” (2006) (800 clauses), and (2) motion events sentences extracted from two TV series, respectively, Married for ten years (2002) (1025 clauses), and Loquacious Zhang Damin’s Happy Life (1998) (967 clauses). The first set of data concerns Standard Chinese and the second set of data comprises both Standard Chinese and Beijing Mandarin.

First, the analysis reveals that the linguistic encoding of dynamic deixis in the expressions of motion events is more frequent in TV series-based data (97.2% in Married for ten years and 87.8% in Loquacious Zhang Damin's Happy Life) than in stimuli-based data (31.6% in "Trajectoire" and 20.8% in "Put & Take"). Second, the analysis uncovers different morphosyntactic strategies used to encode dynamic deixis in descriptive vs. dialogical data. Descriptive data shows a very strong preference for the Satellite-framed patterns in which dynamic deixis is expressed in a particle (100% in "Trajectoire" and 98.8% in "Put & Take"). However, the distribution of the Satellite-framed pattern and the Verb-framed pattern in which dynamic deixis is expressed in the verb is quite comparable in dialogical data (deictic verbs account for 40%, deictic satellites 41.5%, purposive particles 18.5% in Married for ten years, and 28% vs. 54% vs. 18% in Loquacious Zhang Damin’s Happy Life respectively). Last but not the least, based on these preliminary findings, I would like to put forward a hypothesis according to which there is a strong correlation between the use and distribution of the deictic motion morphemes and the different types of data: the dialogical data is more context-based and involves more interactions, changes of locations and perspectives among the interlocutors; while the descriptive data is more homogeneous in that speakers describing motion events performed by the protagonists in the video-clips adopt the third person's perspective.