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ven. 02/03/2018
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Journal Club Dendy
Présentation de Noemi De Pasquale
Spatial metaphors we live by. Everyday transfers in language and thought. |
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12h30 |
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Based on certain assumptions of Western philosophy, metaphors have been traditionally described as stylistic devices employed in literary and poetic contexts in order to fulfil aesthetic purposes. Since the second half of the 20th century, however, Cognitive Linguistics has been challenging this classical view by reinterpreting metaphors as the basis of the whole human conceptual system, a matter of thought and action rather than a “mere” figure of speech. Ever since the publication of the first important study in the field, i.e. Lakoff & Johnson's Metaphors we live by (1980), on which this presentation is largely based, metaphor has become one of the most fascinating subjects of contemporary research in linguistics, cognitive sciences, philosophy and psychology, among others. This talk aims to draw a preliminary sketch on the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor (cf. Lakoff & Johnson 1980; Lakoff 1987, 1993; Forceville & UriosAparisi 2009, inter alia), with special reference to the transfers from the source domain of Space and Motion to more abstract target domains (e.g. Sound, Time, Emotions). After an introduction on the features and operating principles of conceptual metaphors, I will present some spacerelated patterns, and discuss their physical and experiential grounding in the light of the Embodied Cognition Theory (cf. Johnson 1987; Lakoff & Johnson 1999, inter alia). This presentation has the threefold purpose of (1) providing an introduction on Cognitive Metaphor, (2) examining some of the most pervasive spatial metaphors in our everyday language, and (3) preparing the ground for further research in this domain.
References
Johnson, M. (1987). The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (pp. 202251). 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic.
UriosAparisi, E. & Forceville, C. J. (2009). Multimodal Metaphor. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
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mar. 20/03/2018
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Atelier Histoire et Ecologie des Langues - Véronique Lacoste. Haitian English in the Canadian diaspora |
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14h00-15h30 |
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ISH-Ennat Leger |
Sociolinguistic research in Canada has recently focused on ethnolinguistic variation in Toronto English and more generally on how Canadian English is changing, and to what extent immigrant communities established in the country play a part in this change and how they contribute to its linguistic diversity. This article, based on the Toronto Haitian English project, provides a variationist study of some aspects of the English phonological repertoire used by Canadians of Haitian origin living in the Toronto area. The data comes from sociolinguistic interviews of 24 Haitian Canadians conducted by a local Torontonian and includes two categories of English speakers: 1. informants who live in Toronto or in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and were born in Haiti, both their parents are Haitian and their native tongue is not English and 2. informants who live in Toronto or in the GTA and were born in Toronto or elsewhere in Canada, both their parents are Haitian and their native tongue or dominant language is English or they have native-like competence in English. The analysis concerns a set of realisations for some phonological variables like dental fricatives, intervocalic phoneme /t/ and phoneme /ɹ/ in correlation with a set of social variables like age, gender, occupation, and number of years spent in Toronto. Statistical results reflect variants characteristic of Standard Canadian English but also variants found typically in francophone speakers of English or those transferred from Haitian Creole or French. Other phonetic variants match those found in the speech of Anglophone Caribbean speakers also established in the Toronto area. Haitian speakers whose English is their dominant language were found to produce a majority of mainstream Canadian English features. The results for speakers in category 1 reflect Haitian Canadians’ sociocultural and sociolinguistic situation of “in-betweens” in the Canadian diaspora exhibiting both a sense of identity preservation with respect to the host society and towards their ‘Haitianity’. The data analysis, however, does not lead to the suggestion that a Haitian English variety is emerging in the Toronto area, which may be partly explained by the current lack of strong community ties and a relatively young settlement in the city, and also due to very diverse individual socio-historical and migratory trajectories.
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lun. 26/03/2018
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Réunion Interne Conseil de laboratoire |
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11h-13h |
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ISH |
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