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jeu. 09/05/2019
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Analyse comparative de l’acquisition du langage et de son déclin dans la maladie d’Alzheimer : Étude de la théorie de la rétrogenèse |
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14h - 17h |
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Université Lyon 2, Quai Claude Bernard, salle BR28 |
Soutenance de doctorat de : Camille FROUIN
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Cette thèse avait pour objectif de tester la théorie de la rétrogenèse appliquée au langage des personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer, afin de tirer des conclusions permettant d’adapter notre comportement aux patients et de mettre en place des méthodes de maintient dans le langage plus appropriées.
Pour ce faire, trois tâches ont été mises en place : une tâche de fluence verbale (phonémique (lettre initiale P) puis sémantique (animaux)), une tâche de dénomination d’images, ainsi qu’une tâche de répétition de phrases. Trois groupes de participants ont été créés : un groupe de 80 personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer, un groupe de 60 enfants, âgés de 3 à 11 ans, puis un groupe contrôle de personnes âgées saines. Le groupe des patients était divisé en 4 sousgroupes en fonction de leur score au MMSE. Il en était de même pour les enfants, répartis en trois sous-groupes.
Les analyses effectuées par le biais de modèles mixtes, ont permis de montrer que le déclin du langage dans la maladie d’Alzheimer semble bien suivre un ordre symétrique à celui de son acquisition. L’effet d’AoA permet souvent d’expliquer ce phénomène. Toutefois, des différences entre les enfants et les personnes Alzheimer sont également observables : si le langage semble suivre une involution symétrique à celle de l’enfant, il n’en est pas moins que les processus sous-jacents impliqués ne sont pas les mêmes que chez l’enfant.
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lun. 13/05/2019
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Semantic universals: processing and learnability |
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15h-17h |
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MSH-LSE, salle E. Rivet |
Conférence de :
dans le cadre des séminaires DDL |
How do languages express meaning? Answering this question requires not only identifying the possible meaning(s) of every sentence and the semantic mechanisms that generate them, but also assessing which of these semantic mechanisms are shared cross-linguistically and which ones are not. In this talk, I propose to tackle these questions by adopting what I call a processing/learning approach: that is, I propose to investigate how these meanings and mechanisms are accessed, computed and learned by speakers.
In the first part of the talk, I will report the results of a study (joint work with Emmanuel Chemla and Benjamin Spector) where we used a priming paradigm to investigate the derivation of plural ambiguous sentences such as Amir and Manuel ate two cookies. This sentence can give rise to both distributive (i.e. two cookies each) and non-distributive (i.e. two cookies in total) interpretations. Non-distributive readings are traditionally thought to be derived by default, whereas distributive readings are thought to arise by applying some sort of distributive mechanism (Link, 1987; Champollion, 2017). Our results reveal that the distributive/non-distributive ambiguity gives rise to priming effects, suggesting that the abstract mechanism responsible for deriving plural ambiguities has a psychological correlate during comprehension.
In the second part of the talk, I will address the question of how languages partition the semantic space into lexical categories, with a specific focus on person systems, which categorize entities as a function of their role in the conversation (i.e., speaker(s), addressee(s), other(s)). Like other semantic category systems (e.g. color and kinship terms), not all ways of partitioning the person space are equally likely. I will present an artificial language learning study (joint work with Jennifer Culbertson) where we test whether the typological frequency of different person systems correlates with their learnability. We focus on the difference between 1st, 2nd and 3rd personal pronouns and test the predictions of two theories which propose different sets of features to capture the division of this space (Harley & Ritter 2002, Neeleman & Ackema 2018). Our findings provide the first experimental evidence for a feature-based theory of person systems that relies on an inherent asymmetry between the speaker and the addressee roles.
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mar. 14/05/2019
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Atelier Histoire et Ecologie des Langues, Elisa Demuru: COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL PLAY IN BONOBOS AND CHIMPANZEES |
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14h00-15h30 |
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MSH-Ennat Leger |
Human communication is evolutionarily stratified, composed of layers of abilities of different antiquity. It is a system of systems. Within the debate on the origin on human language, growing attention is being devoted to the social cognitive capacities underpinning the “human interaction engine”, such as mimicry and imitation, empathy, theory of mind, cooperation, conversational turn-taking and shared intentionality. Although language in its full form sets Homo sapiens apart from our closest living relatives, one of the most promising means to shed light on its biological roots is the investigation of great apes’ natural communication and social cognition in search of those abilities that are shared between us and them and that might constitute the evolutionary layers or “building blocks” of the human interaction engine. The aim of this talk is to give an introduction on great apes’ communication, with a particular focus on gestural communication, and to show how the study of social play could contribute to the understanding of some debated aspects of primate communication and social cognition that are strictly related to the evolution of human language.
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mar. 21/05/2019
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Réunion Interne DENDY - réunion d'équipe |
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10h00-12h00 |
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MSH-LSE, salle Frossard |
Contact...
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jeu. 23/05/2019
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Réunion Interne Soirée jeux de société |
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18h-22h |
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MSH, cafétéria (RdC) |
Contact...
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ven. 24/05/2019
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Réunion Interne [DENDY] Atelier Méthodes - "Comment faciliter la réutilisation des corpus oraux : objectifs, méthodes et outils " - Carole Etienne |
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11h-12h |
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MSH-LSE, salle Frossard |
Contact...
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mar. 28/05/2019
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Séminaire du laboratoire
The book ends of sound change: initial innovation and resulting consonant inventories
Joan Bybee (University of New Mexico, USA) & Shelece Easterday (DDL) |
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10h-12h |
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ISH - Espace Marc Bloch |
The two parts of this presentation discuss (1) a proposal that sound change results from joint innovation in production rather than innovation by an individual followed by spread through a community, as many researchers suppose (Stevens & Harrington, 2014); and (2) a demonstration of the ways that sound change structures consonant inventories, with a focus on basic, elaborated and complex consonants (Lindblom & Maddieson, 1988). The examination of basic consonants delivers some rather surprising results with implications for the evolution of phonological systems (with Shelece Easterday).
References
Lindblom, B., & Maddieson, I. (1988). Phonetic universals in consonant systems. In Language, speech and mind. Studies in honour of Victoria A. Fromkin ed. by Charles Li and Larry M. Hyman (pp. 62–78). London: Routledge.
Stevens, M., & Harrington, J. (2014). The individual and the actuation of sound change. Loquens1, 1(1), 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2014.003
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